A NEW FAMILY OF MECHANICAL FILTERS incorporating design and manufacturing innovations which lower prices as much as 25 percent has recently been introduced. A number of the new filters are already in production.
The new developments include seven 455 kc center frequency filters with bandwidths of 500 cps, 1,500 cps, 2.1 kc, 2.7 kc, 3.1 kc, 4.0 kc and 6.0 kc. All have the steep-skirted selectivity common to all Collins mechanical filters.
Packaged in a durable, high-impact phenolic case, the new filters should find wide use in commercial and amateur communications equipment, especially in single sideband transmitters and receivers. The narrow bandwidth filters are especially suited for cw and data service in receivers.
Size of the new filters is 2-1/2 inches in length, and slightly more than 1/2 inch wide and 1/2 inch high, not including mounting lugs and terminals. They can be plugged into standard three-prong transistor sockets and are especially suited for circuit board manufacturing techniques involving dip soldering.
A SPECIAL VERSION OF THE 455 KC FILTER with the 2.1 kc bandwidth is available for use by amateur radio operators in constructing single sideband transmitters. In these filters, the frequency reading 20 db down each side of the individual filter's selectivity curve is specified on the filter label. This aids in selection of crystals of exactly the right frequency for use in generating transmitter carrier frequency.
F455 FA-21 MECHANICAL FILTER
Center Frequency .....................................455 kc nom. Frequency Response Bandwidth, 6 db attenuation.......................2.1 kc nom. Bandwidth, 60 db attenuation ......................5.3 kc nom. Passband Response Variation (between 454.3 kc and 455.7 kc) ...................................... 3 db max. Transfer Impedance .........................5K ohms +/-2.25K ohms Resonating Capacity ...............................130 pf +/-5 pf Transmission Loss ........................................ 9.5 db Spurious Response Attenuation (442 kc to 468 kc) ..... 60 db min.RECOMMENDED OPERATING PARAMETERS:
Signal Input Voltage: 0 to 2 volts RMS. Direct Current: Shunt feed necessary to eliminate DC current in transducer coils. DC current in transducer coils will alter filter electrical characteristics. DC Voltages: 300 VDC max. potential between coil terminals and ground. Signal Source and Load Impedance: Mechanical filters are normally used interstage.ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS:
Operating Temperature Range: -40øC to +85øC. Temperature Range, Non Operating: -65øC to +100øC. Vibration: Unit meets the performance requirements of MIL-STD- 202B, Method 201A. Shock: Filter will withstand total of 18 impact shocks of 15G's in accordance with MIL STD-202B, Method 202A.
PACKAGED IN CASES AS SMALL as one-third cubic inch, Collins Mechanical Filters achieve a flat-topped frequency response characteristic; they have been built with a 60 to 6 db shape factor as low as 1.2 to 1. Among all types of filters, only Collins Mechanical Filters provide this steep-skirted selectivity approaching the theoretically-perfect. This selectivity comes from a series of resonant dime-size nickel-alloy discs with Q's of 8,000 to 12,000, up to 150 times more than conventional filter elements. Mechanical Filters are electrically and mechanically stable and they resist aging, breakdown and drift even with extreme temperature changes or long, continuous service. For example, frequency shift of a typical Mechanical Filter holds between 1.5 and 2 parts per million/degree C over a -25øC to +85øC range. (The Filters will operate over a range exceeding 55C to +105øC.)
MECHANICAL FILTERS RESIST AGING to a remarkable degree. In a recently completed accelerated aging test, a number of standard filters were steadily cycled between 25øC and 90øC for an eight-month period. Maximum deviation exhibited by any filter during this period was less than one part per million.
To the equipment design engineer, these factors mean an increase in performance and reliability and decrease in size, expense and maladjustment; for these reasons the Mechanical Filter has been widely accepted by industry and the Armed Forces.
MECHANICAL FILTER DESIGN is based on well established principles. The Filter is a mechanically resonant device which receives electrical energy, converts it into mechanical vibration, filters out unwanted frequencies, then converts the mechanical vibration back into electrical energy at the output.
THE MECHANICAL FILTERS consist of three basic elements: (1) transducers which convert electrical oscillations into mechanical oscillations or vice versa, (2) mechanically resonant metal discs, and (3) disc coupling rods. THE TRANSDUCER, which converts electrical and mechanical energy, is a magnetostrictive device based on the principle that certain materials elongate or shorten when in the presence of a magnetic field. When an electrical signal is sent through a coil which contains the magnetostrictive material as the core, the electrical oscillation will be converted into a mechanical oscillation. The mechanical oscillation can then be used to drive the mechanical elements of the Filter. In addition to electrical and mechanical conversion, the transducer also provides proper termination for the mechanical network.
FROM THE ELECTRICAL ANALOGY circuit shown on page 3, it is seen that the center frequency of the Mechanical Filter is determined by the metal discs, which are represented by the parallel resonant circuits. (Filters with center frequencies between 60 kc and 600 kc are being manufactured. This by no means indicates limitations, but is merely the area of current design concentration. See above graph.) Since each disc represents a parallel resonant circuit, increasing the number of discs increases skirt selectivity of the Filter. Skirt selectivity is specified as shape factor, which is the ratio (bandwidth 60 db below peak) / (bandwidth 6 db below peak).
IN THE EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT, the coupling inductors represent the rods which couple the discs. By varying the mechanical coupling between the discs, i.e., making the coupling rods larger or smaller, the bandwidth of the Filter is varied. Because the bandwidth varies approximately as the total area of the coupling wires, the bandwidth can be increased by either using larger or more coupling rods. Standard available bandwidths range from 500 cps to 50 kc, and special units have been built with bandwidths as narrow as 300 cps and as wide as 60 kc.
CURRENT IMPROVEMENTS. Considerable progress is being made in improving selectivity and other performance characteristics of mechanical filters. The use of ferrite transducer elements, for example, has reduced insertion loss and passband ripple while making practical the cascading of various filter types as a means of improving selectivity. Magnetostrictive ferrites used in transducers have also made possible greater fractional bandwidths and reduction in microphonic responses.
Careful grading and heat treatment of the nickel-alloy disc resonant elements has resulted in temperature coefficients of the discs being reduced to as low as one part in one million per degree Centigrade over a 100-degree range.
Other means of increasing selectivity in general and of producing more effective filters for single sideband application are being investigated. These include cascading two filters together and intentional distortion of the nodal pattern of the discs.
APPLICATIONS FOR THE WIDE RANGE of standard Filters include high performance transmitting and receiving equipment, multiplexing equipment, missile guidance systems, frequency synthesizers, Doppler radar, data transmission systems, precision navigation equipment and spectrum analyzers. Many advances in frequency spectrum conservation have been made possible by Mechanical Filters and their superior selectivity characteristics. Such techniques are split- channel reception, improved methods of amplitude modulation and single sideband communication and superior detection methods for data transmission systems.
THE DESIGN OF CIRCUITS employing Mechanical Filters is relatively simple, since no special matching networks are normal]y required. Being internally terminated, the filters need only a high-resistance termination (50,000 ohms or greater) at either end together with the capacity (approximately 130 pf) required to resonate filter input and output at the center frequency.
THIS HIGH RESISTANCE is readily obtained by driving the Filter with a pentode tube (effectively a constant current generator) and terminating it into a vacuum tube grid. It was this usage that led to the use of the term "transfer impedance" in specifying the effect of a Mechanical Filter on the gain of a given circuit. The transfer impedance is the ratio of the input current to the output voltage, so the over-all gain of an amplifier stage with a Mechanical Filter following the amplifier tube is simply equal to the transconductance of the tube times the transfer impedance.
THE SMALL SIZE and high performance characteristics of Mechanical Filters make them a natural choice when designing bandpass circuits using transistor amplifiers. The filters can be readily matched into the low-resistance circuits (1,000 ohms or less) encountered with transistors by using a series resonant termination. The lowest value of impedance that can be matched is determined by the extent to which the stray capacity across the Filter can be minimized. This impedance will be in the order of magnitude normally encountered with grounded emitter amplifiers. In some applications, such as balanced modulators, it is desirable to terminate the Filter into a balanced load. For this reason, each set of terminals on the Filter is balanced to ground, eliminating the need for isolation transformers or amplifiers in circuits of this type.
WHEN MECHANICAL FILTERS ARE USED IN BANDPASS circuits there are a number of precautions that must be taken if full advantage is to be derived from its steep skirt rejection capabilities: For example, the use of short wires between the Filter terminals and the termination circuitry; effective shielding between the input and the output, and the use of a common ground for the Filter input, shield and output. These precautions prevent the input signal from partially bypassing the Filter through inductive or capacitive coupling or ground loops.
SINGLE SIDEBAND APPLICATIONS. Collins Mechanical Filters have found great acceptance in single sideband transmitter and receiver applications because they provide the flat- topped passband and steep selectivity needed to reject the unwanted sideband and closely adjacent channels in the receiver.
Filters will meet general performance requirements over the temperature range of -40øC to +85øC with the following maximum allowable deviation limits from the specified +25øC requirements:
Center Frequency 10 ppm/øC (normally 2 to 5 ppm/øC) Bandwidth +/- 5% Peak-to-Valley Ratio 1 db increase Transfer Impedance +/- 10%
Filters can be stored at temperatures from -65øC to +100øC without detrimental effects.
6 db Max 60 db Center Freq. Type# No. Part No. Bandwidth Bandwidth Case Style 250 kc F250A-20 526-9012- 00 2.0 kc 4.3 kc C 250 kc F250A-67 526-9039- 00 6.7 kc 14.0 kc C 250 kc F250A-85 526-9049- 00 8.5 kc 18.0 kc C 455 kc 455E-05 526-9321- 00 0.5 kc 2.5 kc E 455 kc F455F-05 526-9318- 00 0.5 kc 2.5 kc F * 455 kc F455FA-05 526-9494- 00 0.5 kc 2.5 kc FA 455 kc F455H-05 526-9229- 00 0.5 kc 2.5 kc H * 455 kc F455J-05 526-9154- 00 0.5 kc 2.5 kc J 455 kc F455K-05 526-9228- 00 0.5 kc 2.5 kc K 455 kc F455E-15 526-9370- 00 1.5 kc 3.5 kc E 455 kc F455F-15 526-9227- 00 1.5 kc 3.5 kc F * 455 kc F455FA-15 526-9495- 00 1.5 kc 3.5 kc FA 455 kc F455H-15 526-9170- 00 1.5 kc 3.5 kc H * 455 kc F455J-15 526-9155- 00 1.5 kc 3.5 kc J 455 kc F455K-15 526-9168- 00 1.5 kc 3.5 kc K 455 kc F455E-21 526-9322- 00 2.1 kc 5.3 kc E 455 kc F455F-21 526-9323- 00 2.1 kc 5.3 kc F * 455 kc F455FA-21 526-9427- 00 2.1 kc 5.3 kc FA 455 kc F455H-21 526-9313- 00 2.1 kc 5.3 kc H * 455 kc F455J-21 526-9156- 00 2.1 kc 5.3 kc J 455 kc F455K-21 526-9317- 00 2.1 kc 5.3 kc K * 455 kc F455Y-21 526-9337- 00 2.1 kc 5.3 kc Y 455 kc F455E-31 526-9074- 00 3.1 kc 6.5 kc E 455 kc F455F-31 526-9075- 00 3.1 kc 6.5 kc F * 455 kc F455FA-31 526-9496- 00 3.1 kc 6.5 kc FA 455 kc F455H-31 526-9093- 00 3.1 kc 6.5 kc H * 455 kc F455J-31 526-9089- 00 3.1 kc 6.5 kc J 455 kc F455K-31 526-9169- 00 3.1 kc 6.5 kc K * 455 kc F455Y-31 526-9338- 00 3.1 kc 6.5 kc Y 455 kc F455E-40 526-9324- 00 4.0 kc 8.5 kc E 455 kc F455F-40 526-9325- 00 4.0 kc 8.5 kc F * 455 kc F455FA-40 526-9497- 00 4.0 kc 8.5 kc FA 455 kc F455H-40 526-9326- 00 4.0 kc 8.5 kc H 455 kc F455J-40 526-9327- 00 4.0 kc 8.5 kc J 455 kc F455K-40 526-9303- 00 4.0 kc 8.5 kc K * 455 kc F455Y-40 526-9339- 00 4.0 kc 8.5 kc 455 kc F455E-60 526-9084- 00 6.0 kc 12.6 kc E 455 kc F455F-60 526-9087- 00 6.0 kc 12.6 kc F * 455 kc F455FA-60 526-9498- 00 6.0 kc 12.6 kc FA 455 kc F455H-60 526-9094- 00 6.0 kc 12.6 kc H * 455 kc F455J-60 526-9091- 00 6.0 kc 12.6 kc J 455 kc F455K-60 526-91S9- 00 6.0 kc 12.6 kc K * 455 kc F455Y-60 526-9340- 00 6.0 kc 12.6 kc Y 455 kc F455E-80 526-9332 00 8.0 kc 18.5 kc E 455 kc F455F-80 526-9331- 00 8.0 kc 18.5 kc F 455 kc F455H-80 526-9330- 00 8.0 kc 18.5 kc H 455 kc F455J-80 526-9329- 00 8.0 kc 18.5 kc J 4SS kc F455K-80 526-9328- 00 8.0 kc 18.5 kc K 455 kc F455Y-80 526-9341- 00 8.0 kc 18.5 kc Y 455 kc F455E-120 526-9336- 00 12.0 kc 23.0 kc E 455 kc F455F-120 526-9173- 00 12.0 kc 23.0 kc F 455 kc F455H-120 526-9171- 00 12.0 kc 23.0 kc JH 455 kc F455K-120 526-9316- 00 12.0 kc 23.0 kc K 455 kc F455Y-120 526-9342- 00 12.0 kc 23.0 kc Y 455 kc F455E-160 526-9320- 00 16.0 kc 27.5 kc E 455 kc F455F-160 526-9335- 00 16.0 kc 27.5 kc F 455 kc F455H-160 526-9314- 00 16.0 kc 27.5 kc H 455 kc F455K-160 526-9315- 00 16.0 kc 27.5 kc J 455 kc F455Y-160 526-9343- 00 16.0 kc 27.5 kc Y 500 kc F500B-08 526-9007- 00 0.8 kc 3.5 kc E 500 kc F500B-14 526-9030- 00 1.4 kc 3.8 kc E 500 kc F500B-31 526-9008- 00 3.1 kc 3 5 kc F 500 kc F500Y-31 526-9426- 00 3.1 kc 8.0 kc Y 500 kc F500B-60 526-9009- 00 6.0 kc 14.0 kc E 500 kc F500F-60 526-9319- 00 6.0 kc 19.0 kc F 500 kc F500Y-60 526-9378- 100 6.0 kc 13.2 kc Y 64 kc F64Z-7 526-9396- 00 Lower Sideband L 68 kc F68Z-7 526-9397- 00 " " L 72 kc F72Z-7 526-9398- 00 " " L 76 kc F76Z-7 526-9399- 00 " " L 80 kc F80Z-7 526-9400- 00 " " L 84 kc F84Z-7 526-9401- 00 " " L 88 kc F88Z-7 526-9402- 00 " " L 92 kc F92Z-7 526-9403- 00 " " L 96 kc F96Z-7 526-9404- 00 " " L 100 kc F100Z-7 526-9405- 00 " " L 104 kc F104Z-7 526-9406- 00 " " L 109 kc F108Z-7 526-9407- 00 " " L 250 kc F250Z-4 526-9130- 00 Upper Sideband C 250 kc F250Z-5 526-9131- 00 " " C 455 kc F455Z-4 526-9364- 00 Upper Sideband Y 455 kc F455Z-5 526-9365- 00 Lower Sideband Y 500 kc F500Z-4 526-9377- 00 Upper Sideband Y 500 kc F500Z-5 526-9376- 00 Lower Sideband Y * Used in Collins Amateur Products
Equipment P/N Type No. Bandwidth 18S-4A/4C 526-9057-000 F455D-60 5.5 310F-1A/1B 526-9309-000 F455Q-2 1.6 310F-1A/1B 526-9311-000 F300Z-5 2.65 310F-1A/1B 526-9312-000 F300Z-4 2.65 310F-6E 526-9309-000 F455Q-2 1.6 310F-6E 526-9311-000 F300Z-5 2.65 310F-6E 526-9312-000 F300Z-4 2.65 32MS-1A 526-9365-000 F455Z-5 3 32RS-1C/1H 526-9365-000 F455Z-5 3 32S-1/2 526-9337-000 F455Y-21 3.4 32S-3/3A 526-9427-000 F455-21 2.1 50E-6 526-9309-000 F455Q-2 1.6 50E-6 526-9311-000 F300Z-5 2.65 50E-6 526-9312-000 F300Z-4 2.65 515-1 526-9422-000 F500Z-12 2.75 515-1 526-9423-000 F500Z-13 2.75 51J-4 526-9007-000 F500B-08 0.36 51J-4 526-9008-000 F500B-31 2.8 51J-4 526-9009-000 F500B-60 5.5 51J-4 526-9030-000 F500B-14 1.2 51S-1/1F 526-9378-000 AM 6 51S-1/1F 526-9414-000 F500Z-8 2.4 51S-1/1F 526-9415-000 F500Z-9 2.4 51S-1/1F 526-9419-000 F500Z-10 3.2 51S-1/1F 526-9420-000 F500Z-11 3.2 51S-1/1F 526-9422-000 F500Z-12 2.75 51S-1/1F 526-9423-000 F500Z-13 2.75 51X-2 526-9418-000 F500Y-500 40 51Y-3 526-9379-000 F455Q-6 1.2 51Y-3 526-9380-000 F455Q-7 2.8 618S-1A 526-9039-000 F250A-67 6.35 618T 526-9906-020 LSB 2.19 618T 526-9930-010 AM 5.5 618T 526-9991-010 LSB 2.86 618T-1/3 526-9376-000 F500Z-5 2.7 618T-1/3 526-9377-000 F500Z-4 2.7 618T-1/3 526-9378-000 F500Y-60 6.1 618T-1/3 526-9410-000 F250F-100 8.8 618Z-4 526-9410-000 F250F-100 8.8 628T-1/3A 526-9906-020 LSB 2.19 628T-1/3A 526-9930-010 AM 5.5 628T-1/3A 526-9991-010 LSB 2.86 651S-1 526-9643-010 AM 6 651S-1 526-9733-020 USB 2.7 651S-1 526-9734-020 LSB 2.7 651S-1 526-9776-010 AM 8 671U 526-9634-010 USB 2.5 671U 526-9643-010 AM 6 671U 526-9652-010 LSB 2.7 671U 526-9678-010 USB 3.1 671U 526-9679-010 LSB 3.1 671U 526-9901-010 USB 2.2 671U 526-9902-010 LSB 2.2 671Z-1 526-8681-010 SYM 10.5 718U 526-9634-010 USB 2.5 718U 526-9652-010 LSB 2.7 75A-4 526-9089-000 F455J-31 2.8 75A-4 526-9091-000 F455J-60 5.5 75A-4 526-9154-000 F455J-05 0.38 75A-4 526-9155-000 F455J-15 1.2 75A-4 526-9156-000 F455J-21 2 75S-1/2 526-9337-000 F455Y-21 3.4 75S-1/2 526-9367-000 F455Q-5 0.5 75S-3/3A 526-9337-000 F455Y-21 3.4 75S-3B/3C 526-9427-000 F455FA-21 1.85 75S-3B/3C 526-9446-000 F455FA-08 0.53 75S-3B/3C 526-9494-000 F455FA-05 0.37 75S-3B/3C 526-9495-000 F455FA-15 1.5 75S-3B/3C 526-9496-000 F455FA-31 3 75S-3B/3C 526-9497-000 F455FA-40 3.8 75S-3B/3C 526-9498-000 F455FA-60 5.6 786H-1 526-9311-000 F300Z-5 2.65 786H-1 526-9312-000 F300Z-4 2.65 789S-1 526-9378-000 F500Y-60 6.1 851S 526-9963-090 SYM 0.3 851S-1 526-9955-010 USB 2.75 851S-1 526-9956-010 LSB 2.75 851S-1 526-9985-010 USB 3.1 851S-1 526-9999-010 CW-OFFSET 0.37 851S-1/2 526-9963-010 SYM 0.2 851S-1/2 526-9963-020 SYM 0.5 851S-1/2 526-9963-030 SYM 1 851S-1/2 526-9963-040 SYM 3 851S-1/2 526-9963-060 SYM 6 851S-2 526-9955-010 USB 2.75 851S-2 526-9956-010 LSB 2.75 AN/URC-58 526-9427-000 F455FA-21 1.85 AN/WQC-2 526-9095-000 F455Z-1 2.7 AR3030 526-8693-010 SYM 0.5 AR3030 526-8694-010 SYM 2.5 AR3030 526-8695-010 SYM 5.5 AR3030 526-8710-010 SYM 4 AR3030 526-8715-010 SYM 6 ARC-220 526-8681-010 SYM 10.5 ARC-38 526-9012-000 F250A-20 2 ARC-38 526-9049-000 F250A-85 8.5 ARC-38A 526-9130-021 F250Z-4 2.85 ARC-38A 526-9130-031 F250Z-4 2.85 ARC-58 526-9309-000 F455Q-2 1.6 ARC-58 526-9311-000 F300Z-5 2.65 ARC-58 526-9312-000 F300Z-4 2.65 ARC-80 526-9412-000 F500Z-6 2.95 HF-2200 526-8681-010 SYM 10.5 HF-281 & HF-282 526-9897-010 USB 1.95 HF-281 & HF-282 526-9920-010 AM 5 HF-281 & HF-282 526-9939-010 LSB 1.95 HF-8010 526-9955-010 USB 2.75 HF-8010 526-9956-010 LSB 2.75 HF-8010 526-9976-010 USB 5.8 HF-8010 526-9977-010 LSB 5.8 HF-8010A 526-9678-010 USB 3 HF-8010A 526-9679-010 LSB 3 HF-8010A 526-9955-010 USB 2.75 HF-8010A 526-9956-010 LSB 2.75 HF-8010A 526-9979-010 USB 2.35 HF-8010A 526-9980-010 USB 3 HF-8010A 526-9981-010 LSB 3 HF-8050 526-9955-010 USB 2.75 HF-8050 526-9956-010 LSB 2.75 HF-8050A 526-8322-0X0 CW-OFFSET HF-8050A 526-9678-010 USB 3 HF-8050A 526-9679-010 LSB 3 HF-8050A 526-9955-010 USB 2.75 HF-8050A 526-9956-010 LSB 2.75 HF-8050A 526-9980-010 USB 3 HF-8050A 526-9981-010 LSB 3 HF-8070 526-9955-010 USB 2.75 HF-8070 526-9956-010 LSB 2.75 HF-8070 526-9980-010 USB 3 HF-8070 526-9981-010 LSB 3 HF-8070A 526-9955-010 USB 2.75 HF-8070A 526-9956-010 LSB 2.75 HF-8070A 526-9963-0X0 SYM HF-8070A 526-9974-0X0 CW-OFFSET HF-8070A 526-9979-010 USB 2.35 HFS-700 526-8557-010 LSB 2.19 HFS-700 526-8558-010 AM 5.5 HFS-700 526-9906-020 LSB 2.19 HFS-700 526-9930-010 AM 5.5 KWM-1 526-9089-000 F455J-31 2.8 KWM-2/2A 526-9337-000 F455Y-21 3.4 KWS-1 526-9080-000 F250Z-3 2.7 KWT-6-5 526-9309-000 F455Q-2 1.6 KWT-6-5 526-9311-000 F300Z-5 2.65 KWT-6-5 526-9312-000 F300Z-4 2.65 KWT-6-8 526-9309-000 F455Q-2 1.6 KWT-6-8 526-9311-000 F300Z-5 2.65 KWT-6-8 526-9312-000 F300Z-4 2.65 R-390A 526-9160-000 F455N-40 3.6 R-390A 526-9161-000 F455N-80 7.8 R-390A 526-9162-000 F455N-160 13.6 R-390A 526-9163-000 F455N-20 1.9 SRC-23 526-9413-000 F500Z-7 2.95 URC-32 526-9309-000 F455Q-2 1.6 URC-32 526-9311-000 F300Z-5 2.65 URC-32 526-9312-000 F300Z-4 2.65 VC-102/104 526-9376-000 F500Z-5 2.7 VC-102/104 526-9377-000 F500Z-4 2.7 VC-102/104 526-9378-000 F500Y-60 6.1 VC-102/104 526-9410-000 F250F-100 8.8 Equipment List Provided by Rockwell/Collins Filter Division 1/19/00
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This Home Page was created by wa3key, Thursday, February 22, 1996
Most recent revision Sunday, March 20, 2005